Antiquity to Middle Ages

10000 years of economy

10000 years of economy
Antiquity to Middle Ages

520 BC - 1474

Metal coinage weighed and certified by political authorities enhances trade during Greek and Roman Antiquity. The Middle Age is a time of turbulences but also of major innovations.
520 to 510 BC

Minting of the first Athenian owls
335 to 323 BC

Aristotle theorises the principle of balanced trade and the three major functions of money
218 to 202 BC

Major monetary crisis during the 2nd Punic War
133 to 123 BC

Failure of the Gracchi’s reforms
44 BC

Coins bearing the image of Julius Caesar
AD 33

Financial crisis in Rome
1st century AD

Economic principles of Christianity
162

Polyaenus’ stratagems for financing war
3rd century AD

Inflation crisis in Rome
294 AD

Diocletian reforms the monetary system in Rome
AD 310

Creation of the solidus by Constantine
AD 600 to 700

Economic principles of Islam
8th to 10th century AD

Economic development of the Muslim empire, in particular Bagdad
AD 781

Charlemagne’s monetary reforms
994

The first banknotes or paper money
1040 AD

First use of movable type made in Terra cotta
12th and 13th centuries

Medieval economic revolution
1161 to 1167

Coalitions of the Hanseatic League on the North Sea and the Lombard League in Italy
13th and 14th centuries

Acceleration of trade along the Silk Road, dominated by the Mongol Empire
13th and 14th centuries

Development of large trading empires in Africa, South of the Sahara
1202

Fibonacci brings Arab numbers to Europe
1234

Invention of metal movable type printing
Mid- 13th century

Creation, in France, of the first joint stock company
1262

Assertion of royal power over monetary creation
1290 - 1360

Monetary manipulations, in particular to finance royal spending
14th and 15th centuries

The first major banks
14th century

Creation of the first stock exchange
14th century

The economic crisis of the 14th century
1355 to 1366

Publication of the Treatise on money by Nicolas Oresme
1360

Birth of the franc
Mid- 15th century

China starts closing up
1452 to 1456

Invention of printing in Europe
1474

First regulations on patents

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Antiquity to Middle Ages

520 to 510 BC

335 to 323 BC

218 to 202 BC

133 to 123 BC

44 BC

AD 33

1st century AD

162

3rd century AD

294 AD

AD 310

AD 600 to 700

8th to 10th century AD

AD 781

994

1040 AD

12th and 13th centuries

1161 to 1167

13th and 14th centuries

13th and 14th centuries

1202

1234

Mid- 13th century

1262

1290 - 1360

14th and 15th centuries

14th century

14th century

1355 to 1366

1360

Mid- 15th century

1452 to 1456

1474