1867

Publication of the first volume of Karl Marx’s Capital

Based on a philo­sophical, his­torical, eco­nomic and soci­olo­gical ana­lysis, Karl Marx the­orized the internal con­tra­dic­tions of cap­it­alism, marked by class struggle (espe­cially between the bour­geoisie and the pro­let­ariat). He stressed the eco­nomic determ­inants of the devel­opment of soci­eties. He pre­dicted and advocated the end of cap­it­alism and its replacement after a period of dic­tat­orship of the pro­let­ariat, by socialism and communism.